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#1
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Putting Phil to bed...
OK, I got sick of all the speculation here so I did a little search
and dug up the info on cathione (Synonyms: (+)-Norpseudoephedrine (NPSE), (alphaS)-alpha-((1S)-1-aminoethyl)-benzenemethanol). Below is some useful info and links to the sites. My conclusion is that Phil was not taking sudaphed, nor was he really taking any american product because apparently cathione carries some not so good side effects. Having said that, I doubt its performance enhancing for endurance cycling; having review a few papers on both ephedrine and caffeine I can say that a track guy might, but not an andurance cyclist. Chris Harnish, M.S. Products containing: norpseudoephedrine • DIETENE DIFFUCAPS® • EETLESS Capsules • NOBESE NO.1 DIFFUCAPS® • THINZ CAPSULES (β-hydroxyamphetamine Amphetamine (α-methylphenethylamine) is a synthetic drug originally developed (and still used) as a diet suppressant. Today it is officially admitted for treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. Amphetamine and its derivatives (amphetamines) are part of a broader class of compounds called phenethylamines. General Information Cathinone (β-ketoamphetamine) is a monoamine alkaloid found in the shrub Catha edulis (Khat). Closely related to ephedrine, cathine and other phenethylamines, it is probably the main contributor to the stimulant effect of Catha edulis. Cathinone differs from many other amphetamines in that its structure is a ketone. Other amphetamines to share this structure include the antidepressant bupropion and the stimulant methcathinone. appears to show stronger activity. Cathine is one of the optical isomers of phenylpropanolamine , an appetite suppressant Anorectics, anorexigenics or appetite suppressants, are substances which reduce the desire to eat. Used on a short term basis clinically to treat obesity, some appetite suppressants are also available over the counter. Drugs of this class are frequently stimulants of the phenethylamine family, related to amphetamine (speed). Indeed, amphetamine itself was sold commercially as an appetite suppressant until it was outlawed in most parts of the world in the late 1950s due to increasing exploitation of its stimulant properties ("abuse"). Many amphetamines produce side effects including addiction, tachycardia and hypertension, making prolonged unsupervised use dangerous. http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionar...seudoephedrine Cathinone, a potent psychostimulant isolated from young shoots of Catha edulis was given to four human volunteers. Examination of urine collected from the volunteers at predetermined intervals showed the presence of unchanged cathinone, d-norpseudoephedrine, and two unidentified basic substances. The observed biotransformation of cathinone to the less potent psychostimulant, d-norpseudoephedrine involves reduction of a ketone group to alcohol, a common metabolic pathway in humans. http://amphetamines.com/misc/performance.html Herbs have been used throughout history to enhance physical performance, but scientific scrutiny with controlled clinical trials has only recently been used to study such effects. The following herbs are currently used to enhance physical performance regardless of scientific evidence of effect: Chinese, Korean, and American ginsengs; Siberian ginseng, mahuang or Chinese ephedra; ashwagandha; rhodiola; yohimbe; CORDYCEPS: fungus, shilajit or mummio; smilax; wild oats; Muira puama; suma (ecdysterone); Tribulus terrestris; saw palmetto berries; beta-sitosterol and other related sterols; and wild yams (diosgenin). Controlled studies of Asian ginsengs found improvements in exercise performance when most of the following conditions were true: use of standardized root extracts, study duration (8 wk, daily dose 1 g dried root or equivalent, large number of subjects, and older subjects. Improvements in muscular strength, maximal oxygen uptake, work capacity, fuel homeostasis, serum lactate, heart rate, visual and auditory reaction times, alertness, and psychomotor skills have also been repeatedly documented. Siberian ginseng has shown mixed results. Mahuang, ephedrine, and related alkaloids have not benefited physical performance except when combined with caffeine. Other herbs remain virtually untested. Future research on ergogenic effects of herbs should consider identity and amount of substance or presumed active ingredients administered, dose response, duration of test period, proper experimental controls, measurement of psychological and physiologic parameters (including antioxidant actions), and measurements of performance pertinent to intended uses. The chemical compound ephedrine (EPH) is an alkaloid derived from a shrub in the family Ephedraceae, commonly known as ephedra. It is closely related to methamphetamine and other phenethylamines. It is a stimulant that acts on the central nervous system, and is widely used as a nasal decongestant and a treatment for asthma. http://amphetamines.com/misc/performance.html |
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#2
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Sonarrat wrote in message ... I thought this was about Liggett retiring. WTF is this crap? Ditto on the Liggett. -Sonarrat. |
#3
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k.j.papai Wrote: Sonarrat wrote in messag .. I thought this was about Liggett retiring. WTF is this crap Ditto on the Liggett -Sonarrat. I'm confused too. Norpseudoephedrine is a natural metabolite o pseudoephedrine, the active ingredient in Sudafed. Without knowin anything about the amounts found, the Sudafed story at least i plausible from a chemical point of view -- antoineg |
#4
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I'm sorry, I thought a little education would be helpful because
everyone was trying to figure what was going on with Phil Zajicek. My mistake... However, if you read the info you would know that Norpseudoephedrine (NP), just like norepinephrine is not a metabolite of epinephrine (adrenaline). The Sudaphed story sounds fishy because NP isn't in Sudaphed. CH I'm confused too. Norpseudoephedrine is a natural metabolite of pseudoephedrine, the active ingredient in Sudafed. Without knowing anything about the amounts found, the Sudafed story at least is plausible from a chemical point of view. |
#5
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chris wrote:
I'm sorry, I thought a little education would be helpful because everyone was trying to figure what was going on with Phil Zajicek. My mistake... However, if you read the info you would know that Norpseudoephedrine (NP), just like norepinephrine is not a metabolite of epinephrine (adrenaline). The Sudaphed story sounds fishy because NP isn't in Sudaphed. CH from a previous responce: Norpseudoephedrine is a natural metabolite of pseudoephedrine keyword metabolite. Meaning it's the product from the breakdown of pseudoephedrine. A by product as it were. |
#6
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chris wrote: However, if you read the info you would know that Norpseudoephedrine (NP), just like norepinephrine is not a metabolite of epinephrine (adrenaline). sudafed contains *pseudoephedrine*. (http://www.pfizer.com/do/counter/all...d_allergy.html ) i posted a link earlier that says norpseudoephedrine is a metabolite of pseudoephedrine. the sudafed story can still be fishy inspite of that, though. heather |
#7
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So there is confusion here. From what I know and have read its
chemically distinct, rather than a "leftover" following metabolism. CH h squared wrote in message ... chris wrote: However, if you read the info you would know that Norpseudoephedrine (NP), just like norepinephrine is not a metabolite of epinephrine (adrenaline). sudafed contains *pseudoephedrine*. (http://www.pfizer.com/do/counter/all...d_allergy.html ) i posted a link earlier that says norpseudoephedrine is a metabolite of pseudoephedrine. the sudafed story can still be fishy inspite of that, though. heather |
#8
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chris wrote: So there is confusion here. From what I know and have read its chemically distinct, rather than a "leftover" following metabolism. well i could be wrong, i don't know anything about that stuff, just what i read online. heather |
#9
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chris wrote:
So there is confusion here. From what I know and have read its chemically distinct, rather than a "leftover" following metabolism. CH h squared wrote in message ... chris wrote: However, if you read the info you would know that Norpseudoephedrine (NP), just like norepinephrine is not a metabolite of epinephrine (adrenaline). sudafed contains *pseudoephedrine*. (http://www.pfizer.com/do/counter/all...d_allergy.html ) i posted a link earlier that says norpseudoephedrine is a metabolite of pseudoephedrine. the sudafed story can still be fishy inspite of that, though. heather As I understand it, (and I will defer to those more knowing than I..) they current tests are based on the presence of either the product in question, or it's metabolic leftovers since many products are quickly broken down to be "usefull" to the body. Hence the metabolites maybe/are better indicators of what a person is on... |
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